6/24/2023 0 Comments Messages open![]() ![]() Such messages should be explicitly accepted by smart contracts during so called credit_gas. external-messages that are sent from outside of the blockchain to a smart contract inside the blockchain.At the bottom you can find the NLRI information with our prefix.Therefore, the developer should not be afraid, and if something in this document seems incomprehensible on first reading, it's okay. The AS_PATH attribute is transitive while MULTI_EXIT_DISC is optional. You can see the ORIGIN, AS_PATH and MULTI_EXIT_DISC (MED). No routes are withdrawn and there are a couple of BGP attributes. R1(config-router)# network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255Ībove you can see a update message from R1. Let’s take a look at an update message from R1: R1(config)# router bgp 1 This extended length flag may only be used if the length of the attribute value is greater than 255 octets. Extended Length: when the attribute length is 1 octet it is set to 0, for 2 octets it is set to 1.Partial: when an optional attribute is complete this bit is set to 0, when it’s partial it is set to 1.Transitive: when an optional attribute is non-transitive this bit is set to 0, when it is transitive it is set to 1.Optional: when the attribute is well-known this bit is set to 0, when its optional it is set to 1.These path attributes are stored in TLV-format (Type, Length, Value).Įach of the BGP attributes also has an attribute flag that tells the BGP router how to treat the attribute. Path Attributes: the BGP attributes for the prefix are stored here, for example: origin, as_path, next_hop, med, local preference, etc.Total Path Attribute Length: here you will find the total length of the Path Attributes field.Withdrawn Routes: this field shows all the prefixes that should be removed from the BGP table.When it is set to 0, there are no routes withdrawn and the Withdrawn Routes field will not show up. Withdrawn Route Length: this field shows the length of the Withdrawn Routes field in bytes.Here are some of the things you will find in an update message: In the update message you will find information about the prefixes that are advertised.In “BGP language” a prefix is referred to as NLRI (Network Layer Reachability Information). Once two routers have become BGP neighbors, they can start exchanging routing information. When it’s filled with 1’s then we are not using authentication. The marker field on top is used to indicate if we use MD5 authentication or not. You can see the things that we discussed, the BGP version, AS number, hold time, BGP ID and the optional parameters (MP-BGP and route refresh). Here’s an example of a wireshark capture of an open message between R1 and R2:Ībove you can see the open message from R1 to R2. support for MP-BGP (Multi Protocol BGP).This field has been added so that new features could be added to BGP without having to create a new version.Things you might find here are: Optional Parameters: here you will find some optional capabilities of the BGP router.Use the highest IP address on a physical interface.Use the highest IP address on a loopback interface.Use the router-ID that was configured manually with the bgp router-id command.BGP Identifier: this is the local BGP router ID which is elected just like OSPF does:.BGP routers will use the lowest configured hold down timer. By default the hold time is set to 180 seconds on Cisco IOS routers, the keepalive message is sent every 60 seconds. Hold Time: if BGP doesn’t receive any keepalive or update messages from the other side for the duration of the hold time then it will declare the other side ‘dead’ and it will tear down the BGP session.My AS: this includes the AS number of the BGP router, the routers will have to agree on the AS number(s) and it also defines if they will be running iBGP or eBGP.Two BGP routers will try to negotiate a compatible version, when there is a mismatch then there will be no BGP session. ![]() The current version of BGP is version 4 which is described in RFC 4271.
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6/24/2023 0 Comments Word of honor chinese drama![]() ![]() When he meets Zi Shu, he immediately feels connected to him, but he is afraid to reveal his true identity and his true purpose in life. Ke Xing is called philanthropist Wen, as he roams the martial art word with his servant, apparently helping out others. Zhang Zhe Han had smooth chemistry with his partner and his disguise episodes were really well made and handled. Unfortunately, that way cost him his life and now he only gets a few years to live, something that Zi Shu was more than willing to accept until he meets his soulmate. So, he decides to escape, by using the only method that can get him out. But, after yet another killing spree, he realizes that the life his leading is only spreading death and unhappiness. Zi Shu was the leader of a mystical assassins group. The characters of the Chinese Drama Word of Honor Characters The main character was toned down as the evil one, and the basic bad guy was always under control by the other ones. Unfortunately, non of the villains were intriguing enough to keep things at high speed. The genre turned more on the domestic life side and the emphasis was given towards the villain. However, after the first few episodes, and while the plot was starting to thicken, the drama took a breather and slowed down. ![]() The whole Word of Honor universe is well crafted, with lots of small details that create a strong mixure of wuxia word and historical political drama. However, that incident is not a random crime but will unleash a series of events that hide a bigger mystery.Ĭhinese Drama Word of Honor has lots of characters, a solid mystery that is the spine of the plot and has some small adventures per episode to spice up the story. ![]() The two wanderers will take it upon themselves to escort him to his alliances. The two will get involved in a massacre where only Cheng Ling, a little boy of the murdered family, survives. Zhou Zi Shu meets Wen Ke Xing, while he is in a disguise to escape his former life. Wen Ke Xing uses the facade of being the chief of Ghost Valley to develop his plan and launches the “ghosts” under him to avenge the death of his parents and discover many untold and horrifying happenings while doing so.Poster of the Chinese Drama Word of Honor Story The course of the show reveals the palace politics and the inter-clan clashes to be the reason behind the death of his people. Zhou Zi Shu is a respected man with many skills and harbors the guilt of the end of his clan. The two discover a hidden secret about the Glazed Armor, which creates chaos in the land as they go on a hunt for the five pieces that supposedly complete it. Wen Ke Xing is out for the blood of the murderers of his parents and is a cheerful soul with a hidden sadness in his heart. As the former leader of The Window of Heaven, Zhou Zi Shu has only three years left to live however he now wanders aimlessly seeking freedom. Word of Honor is the story of redemption of two companions who cross paths and bear different goals at the start which end up getting intertwined on multiple occasions. His rebirth is marred with the aim of revenge and his return is only recognised by his soulmate who then joins him on his journey to reveal the truth.Īdapted from the Chinese novel Faraway Wanderers, Zhang Ze Han stars as Zhou Zi Shu while Gong Jun plays Wen Ke Xing. He ends up dead, unable to handle the guilt of his actions. A series of unfortunate events make him fight against the many sects and he ends up killing many members of other clans, including those close to him. Over time circumstances make Wei Wuxian lose his spiritual power and he is banished to the Burial Mounds where his practice of the demonic cultivations is heavily frowned upon by the other sects. The Untamed runs around a secret discovered by the two that would upend the many sects of the land. However, Lan Wangji is his soulmate who continues to stay by his side throughout the many tough times that await him. ![]() There he meets the righteous and calm Lan Wangji who is different from him on so many levels. The story exchanges between the present and the past where Wei Wuxian first entered a sacred sect with his clan members to receive training. While they each have a magnanimous fanbase, separate for the literary and the live adaptations, they harbor multiple similarities which makes it inevitable to do a comparison.Īdapted from the Chinese novel Mo Dao Zu Shi, it stars Xiao Zhan and Wang Yibo in the lead roles of Wei Wuxian and Lan Wangji respectively. As both hail with a male-male soulmates storyline, the shows are quite the eye-pleasing creations. Two of the most loved and talked about novels which have been adapted into equally fabulous shows, The Untamed and Word of Honor. They are genres of Chinese fiction which highlights skilled and powerful warriors who use martial arts as a form of expression and protection as well as immortal beings who wield magic. ![]() 6/24/2023 0 Comments Boom 3d not working windows 11![]() MAC – Mac users increasing day by day so that’s why now Boom 3D crack is available for MAC users. It works on all kinds of windows versions like SP1, SP2, Windows 10, 7, 11, and 8. Windows – Boom 3D 2023 Crack is designed to work perfectly with windows. Note: Mostly Trial Reset works for 30 days but if you select the automatic option it will automatically reset it after 30 days. (On Windows you may need to turn off windows security). Simply reset and enjoy the full version features.(It gives you the option to choose a date and time as per your choice.) Run the Trial resetter and choose the time limit for resetting.Close the boom 3D program if it’s in running condition.Download the 3D Boom Trial Reset ZIP file and extract it with WinRAR.Here are a few simple steps to use the 3D Boom Trial Reset crack. ![]() Trial reset is a process that is used to reset the software subscription to its starting date which is free for users by companies with premium features.
6/24/2023 0 Comments Android for honor wallpapers![]() Colorful shapes appear to circulate into the watch display from the band, and respond when a user raises and moves their wrist or taps the display. The new Pride Celebration watch face and iOS wallpaper honor the combined strength and mutual support of the LGBTQ+ community. No two bands are exactly alike, reflecting the individuality of all members of the LGBTQ+ community. In the forming process, the base material flows around each individual shape, creating small variations in their layout. This year’s design integrates a joyful rainbow of geometric shapes on a white base, which are compression-molded into the final band. Inspired by the strength and beauty of the LGBTQ+ community, the new Sport Band design showcases the original pride flag rainbow colors and five others - black and brown symbolize Black and Latin communities, in addition to those who have passed away from or are living with HIV/AIDS, while light blue, pink, and white represent transgender and nonbinary individuals. Additional advocacy organizations Apple supports include Encircle, Equality North Carolina, Equality Texas, Gender Spectrum, Human Rights Campaign, ILGA World, the National Center for Transgender Equality, PFLAG, SMYAL, and The Trevor Project. Through these efforts, Apple supports and brings awareness to LGBTQ+ advocacy organizations that are working to bring about positive change, including Equality Federation Institute, an advocacy accelerator that is building a network of state-based LGBTQ+ advocacy organizations in the U.S., and GLSEN, an education organization working to end discrimination, harassment, and bullying based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression. Apple Watch Pride Edition celebrates the LGBTQ+ communityĬelebrating the ongoing movement to protect and advance equality for LGBTQ+ communities around the world, Apple is introducing a new Pride Edition Sport Band accompanied by a matching watch face and iOS wallpaper. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Types Types of Triangles Isosceles, Equilateral, Scalene, Obtuse. Example 3: If all the angles of a triangle are less than 90, what type of triangle is it called? Triangles can be classified by angles, as: The types of triangles based on the length of the sides are, To classify triangles according to both angles and sides, we measure the interior angles and length of the sides of the triangle. Observe the following figure which shows the types of triangles that are distinguished on the basis of their sides and angles. QR is the triangles base, and PS is the triangles height. If two triangles have two congruent angles, then the triangles are similar. csc x = 1/sin x = hypotenuse/opposite b) For angle y: AB is the hypotenuse, BC is the adjacent side, and AC is the opposite side. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the side opposite the right angle. Hence, using the properties of the triangle we can say that Tim will not be able to construct a triangle with sides 5 cm, 4 cm, and 9 cm. For example, if the 3 interior angles of a triangle are given as a, b, and c, then this property can be expressed as, a + b + c = 180. What is the name for a triangle in which none of the sides or angles are equal? Since there are three sides and two non-right angles in a right triangle, the side PQ, which is opposite to the right angle PRQ is called the. In the triangle PQR, PQ, QR, and RP are the sides. So, the perimeter of the triangle = Sum of all three sides. ), It has no equal sides so it is a scalene right-angled triangle. So, the Area of a triangle = (Product of base and height of a triangle). Example 2: The length of the two sides of a triangle is equal. ![]() 6/24/2023 0 Comments Redfall leaked gameplay![]() ![]() ![]() It’s also notable that most of these gameplay videos were when it is daytime in Redfall, and vampires are not at their full strength. It can also be seen, of course, that each vampire type has a different attack pattern. Some of the vampires verbally threaten the player as they attack. They then suddenly all stop what they’re doing, as they approach the player in unison. Lastly, a clip from Moat shows the potential of what fighting a vampire town is like, in complete contrast to a zombie town, like we’ve seen 100 times in games already.Īs the player approaches a safehouse, vampires immediately notice. The player rapidly makes their approach to the human enemies, and easily kills them with melee. It’s easy to imagine even more powerful enemies, like the Rooks and the Vampire Gods, to be considerably more challenging fights.Īfter that is a clip of a player sending a crow out to recon. That vampire approach is faster than you think it would be. While the human targets were easily sniped from afar, the death of one follower made a vampire teleport in place, and motion towards the player. Rebs Gaming shared a preview that highlighted the difference between fighting the vampires and their human followers. So AI issues also seem to be part of Redfall’s launch. There was also a shielded vampire that wasn’t quite acting correctly, moving away from you when it should have been attacking. They will leap and run towards you quickly, so you will get used to moving back while aiming to shoot at them just right. These vampires fight unlike zombies, and not like soldiers. The player encountered a vampire out in a graveyard, and several vampires on a second or third storey of a house, inside a room. Perlrulez shared more interesting gameplay on their tweet. Looks like a typical “next gen” game for Xbox :)” Game play is “wonky”, textures not loading, and game seems outdated. ![]() 6/24/2023 0 Comments Ptsd auditory hallucinations![]() ![]() To explore which dissociation subtypes affected hallucination severity, regressions were conducted. Data were sufficiently normally distributed to satisfy statistical assumptions for parametric tests and Pearson's product correlations were conducted. The association between hallucinations and dissociation was examined using group comparisons, correlations and regressions. This information can be used to inform clinical management of complex cases involving hearing voices, dissociation and trauma.ĭemographic and clinical variables and total scores were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and chi-squared for categorical variables. ![]() Subtypes of symptoms of dissociation were examined using regression analysis. Levels of dissociation and hallucination scores were compared between groups, and the strength of the relationship between dissociation and hallucinations was assessed using correlation analyses. The experience of hallucinations and dissociative state symptoms were examined in three groups of participants with auditory hallucinations and with different diagnoses and trauma histories: schizophrenia (without trauma/PTSD), PTSD with dissociation, and comorbid schizophrenia and PTSD (SCZ+PTSD). The present study sought to broaden the understanding of the relationship between dissociation, auditory hallucinations and trauma, using carefully selected participant samples and validated measures. Furthermore, recent research has questioned whether trauma is necessarily involved in all hallucinations, or whether instead there may be different causal pathways for different types of hallucination. ![]() However, heterogeneity in the results, methodological limitations and a lack of direct evidence in schizophrenia have led to calls for more research in this area. 6 In support, robust associations between voice hearing and dissociation ( r = 0.52) have been confirmed in a meta-analysis involving 31 studies, 7 suggesting that dissociation (and particularly depersonalisation 8) may be a mediating factor between trauma and certain types of hallucinatory experiences. 3, 4 Because dissociation is a common response to trauma, one hypothesis is that trauma causes hallucinations through the process of dissociation, which either impairs the integration of traumatic experience with components of the self identity 4, 5 or causes a failure of contextual integration of present and past experiences, resulting in involuntary intrusions. 2 Such findings have led to suggestions that trauma might be a direct cause of auditory hallucinations. 1 An association between hallucinations and trauma has been documented in PTSD, where two-thirds of civilian trauma survivors and half of traumatised military veterans report hearing voices. Auditory hallucinations and the experience of trauma attend individuals who suffer a broad variety of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ![]() 6/24/2023 0 Comments Cubo torres pumas![]() Became the seventh player in Dynamo history to score in three consecutive games and tied the longest streak of consecutive games with a goal in club history with a penalty kick goal at Portland on March 18. ![]() ![]() Named MLS Player of the Week and Team of the Week for Week 5. New York Red Bulls (April 1), this was the seventh hat-trick scored by a Dynamo player. Scored his first career hat-trick in a 4-1 win vs. Has started in all seven games of the 2017 season and scored at least one goal in each of the first four games, giving him the longest such streak by a single Dynamo player. Tailed his first assist of the season in FW Mauro Manotas' first goal of the season in a 2-2 tie vs. Scored game winning goal in a 2-0 win vs. Missed his first game of the season due to a concussion in 4-0 win vs. Returned to the field and scored his eighth goal of the season on a penalty kick in a 2-1 win over Vancouver on May 12. Came on as a substitute and netted his ninth goal of the year on a penalty kick in the 90th minute at Atlanta on May 20. Scored a goal and gave an assist in a 5-1 win vs. Scored the opening goal in a 1-1 draw vs. Scored Dynamo's only goal in a 3-1 loss at Colorado Rapids on July 1. ![]() After joining Mexico during the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup, Torres reappeared with the Dynamo in a 2-2 draw against Portland Timbers on July 29 . His two goals allowed him to tie and then become the Dynamo's top single-season scorer breaking former Brian Ching's record. Scored his 13th and 14th goal of the season on a 3-3 draw at FC Dallas on Aug. Sporting Kansas City during the Knockout Round of the Audi MLS Cup Playoffs. Played in four games of the Audi 2017 MLS Cup Playoffs. Nicknamed "Cubo."Ģ017 MLS: Led the Dynamo with 14 in goals during the regular season. His 28 goals are the most in Major League Soccer history by a Mexican-born player. Scored 22 goals in 44 appearances with Chivas USA from 2013-14 before signing as a Designated Player on December 23, 2014. ![]() América sought a defender prior to the transfer window close date as a result of the season-long injury sustained by Bruno Valdez against Monterrey.įuentes made his debut for Mexico on 13 November 2015 against El Salvador which Mexico won 3–0.Mexico National Team forward who has 7 caps and 1 goal at the senior international level. On 26 August 2020, Fuentes re-joined Club América on a free transfer after his contract with Xolos ended and the border-town team did not renew it. After the Clausura 2020 tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, América did not exercise the option to acquire Fuentes on a permanent deal and returned to Xolos. On 29 December 2019, Club América announced that Fuentes would be joining the team for the Clausura 2020 on loan from Xolos. On 2 December 2016, Fuentes joined Monterrey on a one-year loan agreement beginning with the Clausura 2017 tournament.įuentes joined Xolos from Pumas for the Apertura 2018 season. For the Apertura 2016, Fuentes was selected team captain, at the suggestion of the team's prior captain, Darío Verón. Luis Fernando Fuentes Vargas (born 14 September 1986) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Liga MX club América.įuentes played for Pumas Morelos and was called up by Pumas de la UNAM to be a substitute or to play in the CONCACAF Champions League and Interliga.įuentes debut was on 7 March 2009 in a match against San Luis in which he came on as a substitute replacing Fernando Morales on the 82nd minute.įuentes was part of the Pumas UNAM squads that won two championships, the Clausura 2009 and the Clausura 2011. *Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of ![]() 6/24/2023 0 Comments Sigma kappa mizzou![]() A silver dove is above the shield, with an arch of gold rays above the dove. ![]() ![]() The lower half has a coiled serpent, and the upper has a maroon and gold wreath. Adopted in 1911, the coat-of-arms consists of a maroon shield with a diagonal gold bar on which are five lavender stars. The Sigma Kappa coat-of-arms includes the symbols of the sorority: the dove, violet, Greek letters, and colors. The dove became an official symbol in 1984 and the heart in 1988. In June 1892, the violet was adopted as the official flower and specified in 2008 as the Wild Purple Violet to distinguish it from other varieties of violets. Sigma Kappa's colors are lavender and maroon, chosen in 1891. In 1993, Sigma Kappa established a housing corporation. In 1992, it began another program as part of its gerontology initiatives, "Inherit the Earth". In 1962, it established a separate branch, the Sigma Kappa Foundation, to manage its philanthropy funds, and added Alzheimer's disease as a focus for its gerontology philanthropy in 1984. In 1959, the sorority absorbed another NPC social sorority, Pi Kappa Sigma, which had been formed in 1894 at Michigan State Normal College (Now Eastern Michigan University). In 1954, Sigma Kappa adopted gerontology as its third and most extensive philanthropy, which continues to the present day. In 1937, it began sending out field consultants for collegiate chapters. In 1924 Sigma Kappa established its first national headquarters in Reading, Massachusetts, which would move to Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1936. Its mission complete, the Farm School effort has been discontinued. Its second philanthropy, begun in the aftermath of WWII in 1946 had an international focus, supporting the American Farm School of Thessaloniki, Greece. In 1918, the sorority adopted the Maine Sea Coast Missionary Society as its first philanthropy interest. The sorority published first published its magazine, the Sigma Kappa Triangle, in 1907. Įxpansion began in 1904 at Boston University, and in 1905, Sigma Kappa joined the National Panhellenic Conference. The vote also meant that the members began expansion outside of Colby College. Early records indicate that the groups met together, but in 1893, the members voted to stop expanding inside the college, meaning that the Alpha chapter could initiate to the limit of 25, but Beta and Gamma chapters could initiate no more and would eventually disappear. In the first constitution, chapters were limited to 25 members, and so Beta chapter and Gamma chapter were also established at Colby College as more joined. Mann Hall was the first to marry (a fellow Colby student). Much of the original initiation music was written by Hoag's cousin, Emily Peace Meader, who was inducted shortly before Hoag's death in 1875. The first Sigma Kappa emblem was designed by Hoag, who died shortly thereafter of tuberculosis. Low was the first woman to appear on the sorority's rolls and the first to preside over an initiation, of which Coburn wrote a large portion. Sigma Kappa annually celebrates November 9 as its Founders' Day. On November 9, 1874, the faculty approved their petition. They were instructed by the college administration that they would need to present a constitution and bylaws with a petition requesting permission to form Sigma Kappa. As the only women, they associated frequently and decided to form a society. ![]() In 1871, Mary Caffrey Low Carver became the first and only female student at Colby College in Maine until Elizabeth Gorham Hoag, Ida Mabel Fuller Pierce, Frances Elliott Mann Hall and Louise Helen Coburn were admitted and enrolled in 1873. ![]() The sorority is one of 26 members of the National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) of national women's fraternities, joining the conference in 1905. It is officially partnered with the Maine Sea Coast Mission to raise money for the Mission's programs, and it also includes gerontology with an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease and research its other initiatives. The sorority has initiated 172,000 members, has 122 collegiate chapters, and has over 110 alumnae chapters. In 1874, Sigma Kappa was founded by five women: Mary Caffrey Low Carver, Elizabeth Gorham Hoag, Ida Mabel Fuller Pierce, Frances Elliott Mann Hall and Louise Helen Coburn. Sigma Kappa ( ΣΚ, also known as SK or Sig Kap) is a sorority founded on Novemat Colby College in Waterville, Maine. ![]() 6/24/2023 0 Comments Cygwin grep binary file matches![]() So, by the end of this pipeline, I've converted a bunch of files into lines of utf-8, prefixed with the filename, which I then grep. nl is much dumber than sed, and will just take the parameter -s entirely literally, and the shell handles the escaping for me.) If I used a sed expression, I have to worry about there regular expression characters in the filenames, which in my case there were a lot of. (Why I didn't use sed: escaping is much easier this way. Then I use cut to strip off the line number, leaving just the filename prefix. This is a hack: nl inserts line numbers, but it happens to have a "use this arbitrary string to separate the number from the line" parameter, so I put the filename (followed by colon and space) in that. The output from this conversion goes to stdout. The -s makes iconv shut up about any conversion errors (there will be a lot, because some files in this directory structure are not utf-16). Couldn't think of a way to do that if I was feeding multiple files at once to iconv, and since I'm going to be doing one file at a time anyway, shell loop is easier syntax/escaping.) iconv -s -f utf-16le -t utf-8 "$l"Ĭonvert the file named in $l: assume the input file is utf-16 little-endian and convert it to utf-8. (Why I used a shell loop instead of xargs, which would've been much faster: I need to prefix each line of the output with the name of the current file. ![]() doneīash loop for each line of the list of file paths, put the path into $l and do the thing in the loop. Gives a recursive list of filenames with paths relative to current while read l do. This is absolutely horrible and very slow I'm certain there's a better way and I hope someone can improve on it - but I was in a hurry :P I needed to do this recursively, and here's what I came up with: find -type f | while read l do iconv -s -f utf-16le -t utf-8 "$l" | nl -s "$l: " | cut -c7- | grep 'somestring' done : Little-endian **UTF-16 Unicode text**, with CRLF line terminators I use this one all the time after dumping the Windows registry as its output is unicode. This searches for the hex version of the string Test (in utf-16) in the file test.txt Also this won't work if the utf-16 in your binary file is stored in a different endianness than your machine.ĮDIT2: Got it!!!! grep -P `echo -n "Test" | iconv -f utf-8 -t utf-16 | sed 's/.//' | hexdump -e '/1 "x%02x"' | sed 's/x/\x/g'` test.txt Unfortunately I think this will end up printing out the ENTIRE file if there is a single match. This is then piped into hexdump so that the query and the input are the same. This is then piped into sed to remove the BOM (the first two bytes of a utf-16 file used to determine endianness). Grep is using a query that is constructed by echoing your query (without a newline) into iconv which converts it to utf-16. How does it work? Well it converts your file to hex (without any extra formatting that hexdump usually applies). I can only conclude that grep is converting my query to ascii.ĮDIT: Here's a really really crazy one that kind of works but doesn't give you very much useful info: hexdump -e '/1 "%02x"' test.txt | grep -P `echo -n Test | iconv -f utf-8 -t utf-16 | sed 's/.//' | hexdump -e '/1 "%02x"'` If test.txt is a utf-16 file this won't work, but it does work if test.txt is ascii. Here is what I tried: grep `echo -n query | iconv -f utf-8 -t utf-16 | sed 's/.//'` test.txt It seems as though grep will convert a query that is utf-16 to utf-8/ascii. I think it might have to do with endianness, but I'm not sure. I tried to do the opposite (convert my query to utf-16) but it seems as though grep doesn't like that. ![]() ![]() The example file is treated as binary because it doesn't fit the current locale (probably some UTF locale), not because it has null bytes.The easiest way is to just convert the text file to utf-8 and pipe that to grep: iconv -f utf-16 -t utf-8 file.txt | grep query However, that's not the case with the example input. and the binary-ness is due to null bytes. ![]() the -I/ -binary-files=without-match options are given.Variables), or null input bytes when the -z ( -null-data) That are improperly encoded for the current locale (see Environment Non-text bytes indicate binary data these are either output bytes However, grep also considers other data as indicating binary files: It assumes that the rest of the file does not match this is If type is ‘ without-match’, when grep discovers null input binary data Looking at the grep manual, this seems to be because (bold mine): ![]() |